Now we come to the “guts” of the drip irrigation system.
The emitters are responsible for directly controlling the rate of water supply to the soil.
Emitters are usually small plastic devices that either screw or snap onto the drip tube or pipe.
In trickle pipe systems they are pre-assembled and part of the pipe assembly. Common emitters, emit, water at around 4 liters per hour.
As a general rule of thumb 1 or 2 emitters are usually required per plant. This does, of course, depend entirely on the size of the plant in question.
Trees or shrubs will clearly need more than a small plant.
Use of multiple emitters also provides the system with backups in case of a blockage in one or more of the emitters.
The more emitters present the wider the area of irrigation and hence the increased growth of roots for healthier crops and plants. Of course, if plants tend to be planted close together the system may only need 1 per plant depending on the system design and “coverage” of the emitters.
Emitters are usually installed at least 450 mm apart. As a rule, some sources suggest installing emitters 600 mm apart under 80% of the plant’s leaf canopy, this is where the roots are after all. For highly permeable soils emitters should be placed 300 to 450 mm apart. Emitters should never be buried unless they are specifically designed for this purpose.
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